TROPICAL RAINFOREST OF SUMATRA

Tropical Rainforest of Sumatra

Inheritance is the Tropical Rainforest of Sumatra where the preservation of the Tropical Rainforest of Sumatra and the habitat of several endangered species such as Sumatran tigers, Sumatran elephants and Sumatran rhino which is the smallest rhino species and has two horns.

The area from Tropical Rainforest of Sumatra are all 2.5 million acres consisting of 3 National Park in Sumatra, namely Gunung Leuser National Park, Kerinci Seblat National Park and Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. This place is also where many endemic plant species such as, bags semar, world's largest flower Rafflesia Arnoldi, and the highest interest Amorphophallus titanum. In addition to having high biodiversity, tropical rainforests of Sumatra are also a source of livelihood for the people who live there. Some tribes live in tropical rain forests of Sumatra, such as the Mentawai tribe and Anak Dalam tribe.

Tropical rain forests of Sumatra have always preserved. Especially from the threat of deforestation, the addition of forest for agriculture and road construction, and hunting. If the area is not protected, then the biodiversity that live there are threatened with extinction. In addition, tropical rain forests of Sumatra play an important role in the stability of water supply, ecological, and economic, as well as suppress the influence of drought and fire.

Tropical Rainforest of Sumatra

To that through the 28th session of World Heritage Committee, held in Suzhou PRC in July 2004, the Tropical Rainforest of Sumatra are accepted as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, as it is a protected forest area and home to about 10,000 species of plants, including 17 endemic genera , more than 200 species of mammals and 580 bird species and 465 resident and 21 are endemic. Among mammals, 22 is an orangutan, which are not found elsewhere in Indonesia and 15 are limited to parts of Indonesia, including Sumatra, Sumatran orang-utans. Tropical Rainforest of Sumatra has also provided evidence of the evolution of island biogeography.

Prominent part of the Tropical Rainforest of Sumatra located on the Bukit Barisan Mountains of Sumatra blend dubbed the Andes Sumatra Mountain Lake Seven is sepektakuler which is the highest lake in Southeast Asia beauty of Mount Kerinci, caves, and waterfalls make this place more appropriate for the Conservation and Tourism .


At least 92 local endemic species have been identified in Gunung Leuser National Park. This nomination contains populations of the world's second largest flower Rafflesia arnoldi and the highest interest Amorphophallus titanium, this place is very important for the conservation of special mountain vegetation of the property.

Source:  http://id.wikipedia.org


 



 

SUBAK WATER IRRIGATION SYSTEM PADDY FIELDS ON BALI, INDONESIA

Subak is the name of water management (irrigation) system for paddy fields on Bali island, Indonesia. For Balinese, irrigation is not simply providing water for the plant's roots, but water is used to construct a complex, pulsed artificial ecosystem. Paddy fields in Bali were built around water temples and the allocation of water is made by a priest.

Subak is a traditional irrigation system that binds Balinese agrarian society together within the village's Bale Banjar community center and Balinese temples. The water managements is under the authority of the priests in water temples. However since late 20th century, Bali with its unique and rich culture has attracted travellers and tourist worldwide. It has become the crown jewel of Indonesian tourism. Subsequently the Balinese people's way of live and economy has shifted from mainly depends on agrarian and rice farming activity to tourism services. As the result, tourism facilities such as resorts and hotels has encroached deep into Balinese villages and paddy fields. Recently, about 1,000 hectares of paddy fields are converted into tourist facilities and housing annually which threatened the Subak system.

On June 2012, Subak has eventually been enlisted as a UNESCO world heritage site. 36th Session of UNESCO in St Peterburg has held on Friday, June 29th, 2012 at 17:30 local time. Bali Subak as they ratify the World Heritage Cultural Landscape area. Indonesia previously had fought for 12 years. Understandably, the tourists had already admitted Subak contribute to the beauty of rice fields in Bali such as Ubud, Gianyar, Tabanan and Badung. Cultural Landscape of Bali: the Subak System as a Manifestation of the Tri Hita Karana Philosophy forms a cultural landscape of five rice terraces and their water temples that cover 19,500 hectares. The temples are the focus of a cooperative water management system of canals and weirs, known as subak, that dates back to the 9th century. Included in the landscape is the 18th-century Royal Temple of Pura Taman Ayun, the largest and most impressive architectural edifice of its type on the island. The subak reflects the philosophical concept of Tri Hita Karana, which brings together the realms of the spirit, the human world and nature. This philosophy was born of the cultural exchange between Bali and India over the past 2000 years and has shaped the landscape of Bali. The subak system of democratic and egalitarian farming practices has enabled the Balinese to become the most prolific rice growers in the archipelago despite the challenge of supporting a dense population.

Source:  http://en.wikipedia.org/
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UJUNG KULON NATIONAL PARK THE LARGEST TROPICAL RAIN FOREST ECOSYSTEM IN WEST JAVA INDONESIA

Ujung Kulon National Park is representative of an awfully the tropical rain forest a fantastic ecosystem remaining lowland and the largest in West Java, and is an ideal habitat for the survival of endangered Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros Sondaicus) and other endangered species. There are three types of ecosystems in national parks is the marine ecosystems, coastal and terrestrial ecosystems.

 

Diversity of plants and animals in Ujung Kulon National Park began to be known by the researchers, botanists Netherlands and the UK since 1820.

Approximately 700 species of plants is well protected and 57 species including such rare; merbau (Intsia bijuga), palahlar (Dipterocarpus haseltii), bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa), cerlang (Pterospermum diversifolium), ki hujan (Engelhardia serrata) and various types of orchids .

Wildlife in Ujung Kulon National Park consists of 35 species of mammals, 5 species of primates, 59 species of reptiles, 22 species of amphibians, 240 species of birds, 72 species of insects, 142 species of fish and 33 species of coral. Endangered and protected other than Java Rhino, there are banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus), ajag (Cuon alpinus javanicus), surili (Presbytis comata comata), lutung (Trachypithecus auratus auratus), rusa (Cervus timorensis russa), macan tutul (Panthera pardus), kucing batu (Prionailurus bengalensis javanensis), owa (Hylobates moloch), dan kima raksasa (Tridacna gigas).

 

Ujung Kulon National Park is an interesting natural attractions, the beauty of the various forms of symptoms and the natural uniqueness of the cascade rivers, waterfalls, white sand beaches, hot springs, marine parks and cultural heritage / history (statue of Ganesha, the Mount Panaitan Island Mercury). All of which create an unforgettable experience for the visitor and hard to find elsewhere.


Species of interest in the Ujung Kulon National Park both living in the sea or rivers, among others, butterfly fish, badut fish, bidadari fish, singa fish, kakatua fish, glodok and sumpit fish. Glodok and sumpit fish are two types of fish that is very strange and unique that glodok fish have the ability to climb trees, while the sumpit fish have the ability to spray water over a height of more than one meter to shoot prey (small insects) that are in leaf which branches protrude above the water.

Ujung Kulon National Park with Krakatau Nature Reserve is a national asset, and has been designated a World Natural Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1991.

To enhance the ability of Ujung Kulon National Park management as a World Natural Heritage Site, UNESCO has provided financial support and technical assistance.

Communities living around the national park is famous for its tribal art Banten "debus". The community of followers of Islam, but they still retain the customs, traditions, and culture of their ancestors.

 

Inside the park, there are places that are sacred to the interests of different religious beliefs. The most famous as a pilgrimage destination is the cave Biosciences Sirah, which is located at the western end of the peninsula of Ujung Kulon.


Some sites / attractions to visit:
 

Tamanjaya and Cibiuk. The main entrance to the facility, information center, guest house, dock, hot springs.
Kalejetan beaches, coral beds, Cibandawoh. The phenomenon of the southern ocean waves and sandy beaches thick, observation of flora and fauna.
Peucang island. White sand beaches, coral reefs, clear blue waters ideal for swimming events, diving, fishing, snorkeling and ideal place for animal observation in their natural habitat.
 

Copong reefs, Citerjun, Cidaon, Ciujungkulon, Cibunar, Tanjung Screen, and Ciramea. Explore the forest, river canoeing, sea grass grazing animals, waterfalls and turtle nesting place.
Handeuleum Island, Cigenter, Cihandeuleum. Observing animals (bull, boar, deer, Javan traces and various species of birds), canoeing rivers in the mangrove forest ecosystem.
Panaitan island, and the Mount of Mercury. Diving, surfing, and cultural / historical.

The best visiting season: April  till  September.

To Getting Ujung Kulon National Park

Jakarta - Serang (1 1/2 hours via toll road), Serang - Pandeglang - Labuan (1 1/2 hours) or  
Jakarta - Cilegon (2 hours via toll road), Cilegon - Labuan (1 hour) or  Bogor - Rangkasbitung - Pandeglang - Labuan (4 hours). 

Then continue to
 

Labuan - Sumur (2 hours), Sumur - Peucang Island (1 hour by motor boat fishing) or  
Labuan - Pulau Peucang (4 hours by fishing boat) 

Here are several routes to reach the National Park Ujung Kulon:
 

1. Anyer beach. From this beach cruise takes about 5 hours with a wooden boat / fishing boat similar to that already modified. When the twin-engine speedboat may be achieved in just 3 hours. Widely available at  Anyer beach simple hotel to the five-star hotel when needed to stay before sailing to the Ujung Kulon National Park. Anyer beach is the nearest beach to reach from the capital Jakarta.
2. Carita Beach location is still one of coastline with beaches Anyer approximately 20 km to the west. Facilities at the beach almost as Anyer and Carita.
 
3. Labuan. Is a city district as well as traditional natural harbor for local fishermen. When using a wooden boat, you can save on shipping of at least 5 hours to 4 hours. Labuan is also contained in the Office of the Ujung Kulon National Park  so at work, a lot of information you get there.
 

4. Panimbang. District town 25 km after Labuan. Here also the traditional port of local fishermen. Departing from here just to save a few tens of minutes rather than departing from Labuan.
5. Tanjung Lesung. Is an integrated tourism area is managed in a planned manner.     Now there are at least 2-star hotel. Travelers departing from here are usually uses a twin-engine speedboat. Distance of about 2 hours. Rent a boat is certainly more expensive when compared with timber ships.
 

6. Sumur. Is the last city district that borders the Ujung Kulon National Park. Distance of about 240 km from Jakarta . Well with a boat cruise of the timber approximately only 2 to 2.5 hours. There is also a cheap lodging in Sumur.
7. Taman Jaya. Wells entered the district. Is one of the villages are directly in contact with Ujung Kulon National Park boundary. There are inexpensive seaside inn is clean with a friendly family service. To one of the forest at the End of Kulon enough to walk about 30 minutes you can already see the Tropical Forest. If lucky, you'll still be able to see Java gibbons (Hylobates Moloch). 
  

Many birds visit the forest researchers around Taman Jaya. If using wooden boats reach the island Handeuleum only taken 1 hour and Peucang island less than two hours. When you have quite a long time, trekking through the woods for 3 days, you can reach the island Peucang with the most memorable experience for all hapir appeal Ujung Kulon can you Meet. In the course of at least the required 2 night stay at the Shelter / Post resting in the middle of the Park.
Obviously there are many ways to Ujung Kulon National Park. Those who have a private yacht, can go directly from Jakarta even from Singapore or Malacca 

KOMODO ISLAND HABITAT NATIVE ANIMALS DRAGONS

Komodo Island is known as a habitat for native animals dragons. Komodo dragons ( Varanus Komodoensis Ouwen) is awfully fantastic the largest lizard in the world, and can be found in the Komodo National Park, West Manggarai Regency, East NusaTenggara Province, Indonesia. 

Komodo Island is the westernmost tip of East Nusa Tenggara Province, bordering the province of  West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia


  



About Komodo Dragons

Ancient animal was formerly greatly feared by many people, because of the large tail can knock down a buffalo, horses, and deer with a single flick. Had 4 feet big, very sharp teeth 26 each measuring 4 cm, and a red forked tongue. Not only that, a large and powerful jaws capable of swallowing a variety of animals in one fell swoop.

He was able to find prey in tens km from the front. Komodo has a sharp smell and bite of the deadly bacterial toxins in the saliva to paralyze their prey. After a bite, then it follows prey already hurt for days, until finally did die, and then he ate it.  

Komodo dragons are known to swim champion and that's how he then did explore the islands around Flores. Normally dragons mating season is from May to August. At the time of the breeding season it becomes difficult to see dragons in Komodo National Park. 

Komodo dragons likes hot and dry place, live in the savanna, or tropical forest habitat at lower elevations. When night comes, Komodo dragons hide in holes in the 1-3 meter while warm the body from the cold night.  

Komodo dragons are carnivorous reptiles at the top of an ancient food chain. Komodo dragons prey such as goats, deer, wild boar, and birds. In certain circumstances, can behave Komodo dragons prey on cannibalism with another. In searching for prey Komodo dragons saliva or can rely on the toxic in every bite that can kill their prey slowly. By relying on the sense of smell on his tongue, the Komodo dragon can smell carrion prey as far as 9 kilometers. In addition, the Komodo dragons are also capable of running 20 miles per hour within a short distance, climb trees, swim and even dive.

This ancient reptile eat by tearing large chunks of meat and then swallow it whole. If difficulty in swallowing, komodo dragons usually emphasize carcass meat into a tree.  

Komodo dragons can eat prey up to 80% of the amount of their own body weight in one fell ravenously. Komodo dragons breathe through a small channel under the tongue, which relate directly to his lungs. This allows the komodo dragon to breathe while its jaws remain fully occupied by its prey.

Large komodo dragons can survive by eating only once a month. After the meat undigested prey, komodo dragons spewing the remains of horns, hair and teeth of their prey, in clumps mingled with foul-smelling slime, known as the gastric pellet. Usually after that, the Komodo dragon wiped his face to the ground or into the bush to clear mucus remnants still attached.

 

Like most other reptiles, the Komodo dragon reproduce by laying eggs (spawn once produce 10-15 eggs). Male komodo dragons usually fighting to get  female. One month after mating the female will find a hole in the ground to lay eggs with an incubation period of 8-9 months. Little komodo dragons will hatch cover in the trees to avoid predators and cannibalism of adult komodo dragons. Until the age of 5 years is usually little komodo dragons will live in the branches of trees by eating insects, lizards, etc. From 15-30 eggs that hatch, only 2-3 tail that eventually survived into adult komodo dragons. However, the unique facts of research in London proved komodo dragons can also regenerate by parthenogenesis, or fertilization that occurs in the absence of marriage. Parthenogenetic komodo dragons supposedly saved from extinction since thousands of years ago. But suppose the process of parthenogenesis will always produce a male Komodo dragon.

 

Habitat destruction, volcanoes, earthquakes, fires, poaching indicated to have resulted in a population of dragons to some degree vulnerable to extinction. It is estimated there are 4-5 thousand female Komodo dragon in the presence of a productive only in the hundreds. Such conditions is a challenge for the conservation of the island of Komodo National Park.

On the Komodo island, komodo dragons animals live and breed well. Until August 2009, on this island there are an estimated 1300 komodo dragons. Coupled with the other islands, such as the island of Rinca and Gili and Motang, their number totaled about 2500 birds. There are approximately 100 individuals komodo dragons in Wae Wuul Nature Reserve on the mainland island of Flores, but not including the Komodo National Park.

 

Komodo Island also holds a variety of exotic flora Sepang wood by local people used as a medicinal and dye clothing, tree or Sterculia oblongata nitak is believed to be useful as medicines and seeds are tasty and delicious like peas.

Komodo Island is also accepted as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as in Komodo National Park area, along with the island of Rinca, Padar, Gili, and Motang island.
 


Getting Komodo Island

Labuan Bajo is the gate to enter the Komodo National Park. There are several ways that can be taken to reach Labuan Bajo, are as follows: 

Using a plane from Jakarta / Bali / Kupang using the airline Merpati Airlines (byFokker 27), GT water (ATR) and TransNusa (ATR) menuju Bandara Komodo - Flores before heading to the Port Bajo using bemo then continued across the sea to the Komodo Island or Rinca island from Labuan Bajo pier. In this dock all ships anchored large, medium, and small to Komodo Island. Luxury ship with flags and symbols of various countries freely anchored here. August is the peak current density of the park board, because of the long holiday season. On the pier you can negotiate with the owner of the vessel to charter a speed boat or boat motor. About 20 boats meet the dock every morning, some have Most Wanted by the buyer, so you should come early.  

Komodo Island is 4 hours by boat, or 1.5 hours by speed boat, pier named Loh Liang. Towards the island of high currents and waves up to 4 meters, especially in January through March. There is lodging rates start from Rp 400 thousand rupiah. But most tourists who visit the island of Komodo to spend the night in a boat / boat is equipped with toilet and kitchen. Tourist can also adjust the budget of each by using the combined land and sea.

1. Routes quickly - cheap to Komodo Island: Landing on Airport Muhammad Salahuddin - Bima - Sumbawa. After that by using bemo heading to Sape harbor to go to Labuan Bajo and Komodo Island.

2. Cheapest route to the Komodo Island: From Ngurah Rai - Bali to the port of Padang Bai, (possibly from the Port of Amed) to go to Sheet Harbour - Lombok with a ferry journey time 4 hours. Subsequently added to Labuan, east of the island of Lombok to climb to the Ferry Port Alas - Sumbawa. Of the Port continued to climb Alas bus to Bima - Raba, followed by using bemo to Sape harbor, followed by another ferry to Labuan Bejo. Usually we have to rest overnight before continuing the trip to Komodo Island.


Another Way to See Ancient Animals Komodo Dragons

Rinca Island : 2 hours by boat from Labuan Bajo. In this island there is a pier Loh Buaya, where a small boat and was docked. There is a bungalow which is being renovated for a researcher or a documentary team to stay. Also available is the cafeteria and bathrooms. Tourists generally prefer to Rinca island because it is closer than the Komodo Island, and flat so that the contours of his island see more dragons.

To reach the island where dwells the dragons, Public sea transport is not available. The only way to just charter a boat from the pier of Labuan Bajo. Charge small boat with a capacity of 8 people to the island of Rinca eg cheapest Rp 600 thousand, while the island of Komodo rate of Rp 800 thousand.

 

If you choose a larger boat with a toilet and kitchen, with a capacity of 10 people charge about Rp 1 million rupiah in a full day return trip to the island of Rinca. If you want more quickly, you can rent a speed boat with a capacity of 8 persons. Only about 1 hour to reach the island of Rinca, a rate of Rp 3 million to Rp 5 million. Actually there is a cheaper way to Komodo Island is by a combination of land and sea, but of course much longer time. The terrain is challenging, and certainly more tiring. Many Caucasian backpacker, who use this route. From Senggigi Beach Lombok, they group (about 20 people) hire a boat to the Komodo National Park, at a cost of Rp 2 million means only Rp 100,000 per head.  

Sea travel by boat from the island of Lombok is taken for 3 days 2 nights, but for the backpacker long journey over the ocean it is an exciting marine tourism. The cost of aircraft that reached Rp 3 million round trip route Jakarta-Denpasar-Labuan Bajo. Estimated cost to the Komodo Island  about Rp 5 million per person for tourists from Jakarta with details are as follows :
Jkt-Denpasar round trip Rp 1.400.000

Denpasar-Labuan Bajo round trip Rp 1.600.00

Package tour 3 days 2 nights Komodo Island all in Rp 2,000,000 (include eat, stay on the boat and stay overnight in Labuan Bajo)

In 1980 the park was established to protect the Komodo dragon and its habitat. The total area of ​​the Park is at 1917 km2, is located on the border of West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara, or between the island of Sumbawa and Flores island. Komodo National Park entrance is currently located in the port area, called Loh Liang for the island of Komodo and Rinca Island to Loh Buaya, the admission price of Rp.97,000 (cost of a donation for the conservation of Rp. 75,000. - And ticket Rp. 22,000. - ). There are 277 species of animal that is a mix of animals that come from Asia and Australia, which consists of 32 species of mammals, 128 species of birds and 37 species of reptiles. Together with dragons, at least 25 species of land animals and birds including the protected animals, because their numbers are limited, or limited their deployment.

Komodo park also has beautiful marine life that consists of 385 species of beautiful corals, mangroves, and sea grass as home to thousands of species of fish, 70 species of sponges, 10 species of dolphins, six kinds of Whales, Green Sea Turtle, and various Sharks and stingray fish species. The incorporation of the northern waters of the warm waters and the waters south of the cold waters of the stream waters of the Ocean Indonesia gives a different character who produces underwater ecosystem is very rich. Many divers have to watch the underwater life of the stunning waters of the Komodo Island.

Komodo National Park region includes three major islands, ie Komodo Island - Padar Island - Rinca Island. And several small islands which, when sorted from west to east are as follows:

Small islands: Rawadarat - Stone-Sea Gililawa Gili Bugis - willingness Island - Island tatawa big - big Siaba Island - Island Mengyatan - Large Central Island - Central Island Small - Small Sebayor Island - Complete Sebayor Island - Island Mesa - Kanawa Island - 3 Island Papagarang - Papagaan Small Island - Island Panikia - Nusa Island Pimpe - Mesa Island - Kanawa Island - Big Island Pungku - Island of Bangkau.

Large islands and small islands are volcanic. The population in this area is approximately 4,000 people.